RGB Pixel Combination Method for Underwater Camouflaged Image Categorization Using Graph Neural Networks

Underwater imaging applications require sophisticated image processing techniques aided by Computer Vision (CV). The intensity and light variations under the water demand camouflaged object, plant, and living organism detection in deep seas. This article introduces the Edge-Recognition Method using Graph Neural Networks (ERM-GNN) to address visual differentiations of such particles with precise categorization. This method is reliable in detecting camouflaged object edges and classifying their foregrounds and backgrounds. In the edge detection and object classification process, color features are utilized, relying on RGB variants observed near the edges of the foreground and background images. The edge depth intensity feature is trained repeatedly using the GNN, forming layers between the initial and final pixels of the regions. This approach imposes an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xC_y</i> pixel combination to analyze depth intensity until the foreground and backgrounds are categorized. The neural network trains the hidden layers by differentiating categorized and non-categorized RGB variants for in-depth detection. Consequently, this combination increases the chances of camouflaged underwater object categorization with better precision. This method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches such as G+L-CET, FEGM, and MFEM by a wide margin, improving recognition accuracy by 14.48%, precision by 12.81%, and object classification by 9.82%. These noteworthy improvements highlight the method’s efficacy and potential use in marine biology and environmental surveillance, necessitating accurate underwater object detection.