Assessing Dynamic Behaviors in Converter- Dominated Power Systems via RMS and EMT Simulations: A Study of Hawaii’s NELHA Microgrid

The transition from conventional power systems to converter-based microgrids has significantly advanced sustainability, clean energy integration, and operational reliability. However, this shift introduces challenges due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and the non-linear behavior of power electronic loads. These factors can induce voltage fluctuations and harmonic distortions, complicating voltage and frequency regulation in converter-dominated systems. Dynamic modeling is critical to simulate system behavior, assess stability, and ensure reliability in diverse operating conditions. This study investigates the dynamics of a converter-based microgrid using root mean square (RMS) and electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation approaches. The microgrid was modeled using DIgSILENT PowerFactory, with both RMS and EMT models calibrated against field data from advanced power quality meters. Results reveal that EMT simulations are essential for capturing fast transients and non-linear phenomena not fully captured in RMS models. This highlights the complementary roles of RMS and EMT techniques in achieving comprehensive dynamic modeling of converter-based microgrids, providing insights for effective control strategy development.