Systematic review on nurses’ knowledge and role in emerging and reemerging infectious diseases

Objective: To assess the nurses' knowledge and roles in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and identify gaps in preparedness. Methodology: A systematic literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus (2000–2024) used MeSH terms and keyword combinations. After screening 79 articles, 11 were included for narrative synthesis. Data were organized into themes: nurses' knowledge, preparedness, and roles during outbreaks, and educational gaps, with thematic analysis identifying patterns and discrepancies. Results: Nurses exhibited moderate to high theoretical knowledge of EIDs, but significant gaps emerged in practical application, particularly in microbiology, epidemiology, infection control, and vaccination protocols. Systemic barriers, such as limited access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and inadequate formal training, further hindered preparedness. Studies showed that continuous education and training initiatives significantly enhanced outbreak readiness. Competency levels varied by healthcare setting, highlighting the need for context-specific educational and policy interventions. Conclusion: While nurses possess the essential knowledge to combat EIDs, structural and educational gaps significantly limit their effectiveness. Addressing these gaps requires a multifaceted approach, including reforms in nursing education, investment in continuous professional development, and the implementation of policies that prioritize resource allocation and mental health support.