Human Monkeypox Virus; New Possible Viral Pandemic

The unexpected monkeypox outbreak and global increase have drawn attention due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. With 3340 confirmed cases worldwide as of June 22, 2022, this is the biggest and most pervasive monkeypox outbreak outside of Africa. In addition to vertical transmission from mother to child, MPXV can spread from person to person through direct contact with infectious skin or mucosal skin lesions, respiratory droplets, or indirect contact with contaminated objects or materials. Additionally, it is most likely sexually transmitted through vaginal fluid or semen, and community transmission is a possibility. MPXV, an envelope, linear, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Poxviridae family, is the causative agent of monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease. The symptoms of monkeypox often go away on their own after two to four weeks, and the mortality rate has historically ranged from 0% to 11%. Monkeypox is characterized by severe headaches, fever, lymphadenopathy, and lesions. Antiviral medications and smallpox vaccines have been authorized for use in a number of nations in response to the monkeypox outbreak, despite the fact that there is no particular treatment or vaccine for MPXV infection. Rapid action is required to control the local spread and, consequently, the multi-country monkeypox outbreak before the virus can be allowed to establish effective person-to-person transmission.