Assessment of the changes in water reserves in Egypt using the Time Series GRACE Data

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiments (GRACE) is considered one of the most important satellites used to identify the Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) in all river basins around the world since the launch of this satellite from 2002 until now. In this research, we depend on the data obtained from GRACE in the Nile River Basin region(NRB) in Egypt during the period from 2018 to 2024, in addition to relying on the factors that affect the analysis of data related to the groundwater reserves, which are temperatures and rainfall, in order to know the sudden changes that occur in the water reserves in Egypt, including knowing and studying the extent of the impact of the filling of the Renaissance Dam on the strategic water reserves in Egypt. The deep learning model, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was used to analyze this data and study the changes in the water reserves imported to Egypt after the construction of the Renaissance Dam. As a result, it was noted that the water reserves imported to Egypt are decreasing by 12-16%, which indicates the impact of the water imported to Egypt from its share in the total Nile River Basin water due to the construction of the Renaissance Dam at a rate of 8.64552 in 2018To 2.992145 in 2024.