Research on Rural Innovation and Entrepreneurship Model and Educational Mechanism Optimization of Science and Engineering College Students —Based on the Grounded Theory

理工科大学生的创新创业教育是培养现代化高素质人才的关键环节，关系到教育发展、科技创新和人才培养。与创新创业教育日益受到重视相悖的是，高校大学生的创新创业意愿呈下降趋势。本文以国家一流课程《面向乡村振兴的多学科交叉创新实践》为依托，对理工科大学生进行实地访谈和扎根理论三级编码分析和词频分析，研究得出当下高校大学生投身乡村创新创业建设的电子商务、低成本无人经济、科技助农、资源开发、非遗文创、小微金融、AI交互“七种模式”；在此基础上，进一步结合高等教育理论，梳理出“知识链”“实践链”“思政链”三组具有传导互动关系的教育优化机制“三链条”，助力提升理工科大学生创新创业教育的针对性、适应性，促进创新型国家的建设。Innovation and entrepreneurship education for science and engineering college students is a key link in cultivating modern high-quality talents, which is related to education development, scientific and technological innovation and talent training. Contrary to the increasing attention to innovation and entrepreneurship education, the willingness of college students to innovate and start a business is declining. Based on the national first-class course “Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary Innovation Practice for Rural Revitalization”, this paper conducts field interviews with science and engineering college students, and conducts three-level coding analysis and word frequency analysis of grounded theory, and studies seven models of e-commerce, low-cost unmanned economy, science and technology to help agriculture, resource development, intangible cultural heritage, small and micro finance, and AI interaction when college students are engaged in rural innovation and entrepreneurship. On this basis, combined with the theory of higher education, this paper sorts out three groups of “three chains” of educational optimization mechanisms with conductive and interactive relationships: “knowledge chain”, “practice chain” and “ideological and political chain”, so as to help improve the pertinence and adaptability of innovation and entrepreneurship education for science and engineering college students and promote the construction of an innovative country.