Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Hemodialysis Patients and Their Caregivers

Abstract Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis are particularly susceptible to depression, which negatively impacts their quality of life and treatment outcomes. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of depression among CKD patients on dialysis and their primary caregivers at a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 100 adult dialysis patients and their primary caregivers, excluding those with preexisting psychiatric or severe neurological conditions. Data on demographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, and dialysis duration were collected, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was administered to assess depression. A BDI-II score of ≥17 indicated depression in patients, while a score of >13 was used to identify caregivers at risk of depression. Results: Depression prevalence was 64% among patients, with 20% experiencing severe depression. Caregivers showed a lower prevalence at 32%; however, both groups showed a significant association between depression and lower monthly income ( P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of depression occurred in patients aged 40–59 years, with no significant differences between sexes. Depressed patients had lower SF 36 and higher fatigue scores, indicating a significant impact on their quality of life. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of targeted mental health interventions for dialysis patients, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and individuals aged 40–59 years. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for comprehensive mental health and social support for caregivers of patients.