Epidemiological Aspects of Stomach Cancer in the Mopti Region

Introduction: Stomach cancer is a real public health problem and is believed to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This mortality is partly linked to the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis. Methodology: From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study on cases of gastric lesions seen by upper digestive endoscopy at Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti and the BRICO II medical center in Sévaré and which revealed gastric cancer on histology. The results of the histological examinations were collected from the KOMODi biological analysis laboratory in Sévaré. The data were entered into Excel version 2016 software and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: During the study period, 1894 gastroscopies were performed and 85 cancers were diagnosed, representing a frequency of (4.48%). The average age was 54.58 ± 13.73 years with extremes ranging from 18 years to 82 years. The most re-weighed age group was 55-64 years with 30.6%. Farmers/breeders (47.1%) and housewives (41.2%) were the most represented. The male sex predominated at (56.5%) against (43.5%) female sex with a sex ratio of 1.29. The majority of our patients came from a rural area 92.9%.2. The most common indications for gastroscopy were epigastralgia (31.7%), followed by orifice syndrome (27.1%), altered general condition (16.5%) and dysphagia (8.2%). The macroscopic appearance was dominated by the ulcerative-budding form (83.6%), followed by the budding form (8.2%) and infiltrating form (7.1%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological form (89.3%) and Helicobacter pylori was found in 93% of cases. Conclusion: Stomach cancer remains a major public health problem in Mali and worldwide. Epigastralgia was the main indication for gastroscopy. The ulcerative-budding form was predominant and adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type. Helicobacter pylori was found in most of our patients.