The Composition of the Fourth Part of Nietzsche’s Work “Thus Spoke Zarathustra, …” (to the 180th Anniversary of the Birth of Friedrich Nietzsche and to the 140th Anniversary from the Time the Work was Written)

The fourth part of Nietzsche's work "Thus spoke Zarathustra, ..." is written in the musical form of a scherzo (as part of a sonata-symphonic cycle).The study revealed such features as, firstly, the strengthening of the musical component, and secondly, the satirical way of presenting the material.The compositional structure of this part is as follows: introduction (1 short story), exposition (9 short stories), development (8 short stories), recapitulation (1 novel), coda (1 short novel), totalling 20 short novels (46 episodes).In the introduction, the essence of what Zarathustra "wants to do" is revealed: to know the "human abyss."He is personified as a "fishercatcher of humans" who catches "human fish" capable of self-knowledge.The exposition unfolds like a gallery of images of typical representatives of the elite.These include a preacher, powerful people, a scientist, an actor, a priest, an atheist, a philanthropist, and a free thinker.Zarathustra invites them all to his cave in order to find the "superior man".The main and secondary topics are distinguished in the answer to such a question.Nietzsche's understanding of being a superior person collides with ideas about what the elite have from their social status.So, we have a kind of philosophical debate in development with the use of dramaturgical and musical means.Here Nietzsche outlines the gang of existing elites; they lack the ability to ruthlessly remove obstacles on the way to victory over their own shortcomings, to learn the teachings of Zarathustra without any distortion, and without the purification of their own souls, they can't assimilate this teaching and climb its mountain.In addition, in the short story "About a superior man", there is a detailed description of it and its teachings about the nobility.At the same time, this kind of discussion reveals the internal conflict of the existing elites and the teachings of Zarathustra.Nietzsche made the sarcasm and fun of prevailing stereotypes.In the recapitulation, the unfolding of the conflict between the main and secondary themes is completed, and the author of "Zarathustra" tries to formulate a fractal understanding of eternity.In the code Nietzsche concludes the work with the image of Zarathustra as a certain type of spiritual guide.