Underground Cable Fault Analysis by Distance Calculation and Location Detection using Microcontroller and GPS

In today’s power distribution systems, underground cables are preferred for their safety and tidy appearance. However, detecting faults in these cables can be slow, costly, and technically challenging. This study introduces a smart fault detection and location system that uses the PIC16F887 microcontroller as its core. It sends a low DC voltage through the cable and uses voltage and current sensors to monitor for irregularities. Based on the changes in readings, the system estimates the fault distance using Ohm’s Law. To pinpoint the exact location, a GPS module is included. The fault details are shown on an LCD and also transmitted through GSM for SMS alerts. Additionally, the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module allows the data to be shared online for remote monitoring. This solution provides faster and more accurate fault detection, reducing repair time and improving the reliability of underground cable systems.