HEMODYNAMIC PROFILE OF YOUTH FOOTBALL PLAYERS ACCORDING TO PLAYING ROLE AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF PREPARATION

The article presents the results of a study on the functional state of the cardiovascular system in 13–15-year-old football players during the stage of preliminary basic training using the method of thoracic rheography. The aim of the study was to examine the central hemodynamic indicators of athletes with different playing roles to justify differentiated approaches to training load planning. The study involved 44 young football players divided into experimental and control groups, with further categorization by playing position: goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards. The research was conducted at the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment. The following thoracic rheography indicators were recorded: stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, total peripheral vascular resistance, and left ventricular power. The obtained results showed no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups at baseline. At the same time, notable inter-group differences were observed based on playing roles. Forwards demonstrated the highest values of stroke volume, cardiac output, and left ventricular power, reflecting greater aerobic capacity and functional adaptation to high-intensity game loads. Goalkeepers had the lowest values, which is attributed to the specific nature of their activity, primarily involving short-term explosive actions. Midfielders and defenders exhibited intermediate values. The identified specificity of the hemodynamic profile supports the necessity of individualizing the training process in accordance with the player’s role on the field. The findings can be used to optimize training strategies and develop personalized physical workload models at the stage of early sports specialization.