Anticancer Potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus SR6 Protein: Inducing Apoptosis and Necrosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

A preliminary study on the anticancer effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus SR6 against breast cancer has been carried out.A 28.4kDa protein from this strain was identified as having anticancer properties, as evidenced by morphological changes observed through double staining with Acridine Orange/Propidium Iodide (AO/PI) and DAPI.However, its quantitative efficacy as an anticancer therapy has not yet been investigated.Therefore, this study was conducted to further explore its potential.The study began with the cultivation of P. pentosaceus SR6 isolate in a sterile MRS broth medium.Protein fragments of the isolate were then analyzed using the SDS-PAGE method.A specific protein, predicted to have biological activity, was subsequently isolated, purified, and electroeluted before being tested on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.Its anticancer potential was evaluated by measuring apoptosis and necrosis activity through flow cytometry.Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25 software.The study results demonstrated that the 28.4kDa protein from P. pentosaceus SR6 exhibited cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 5.42g/mL.Its anticancer potential was confirmed by a significant reduction in cancer cell viability from 90.670.31% to 14.970.85%.Flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in early apoptosis from 3.770.06% in the control group to 47.430.15% in the treated cells, while late apoptosis rose from 3.030.12%to 37.231.27%.Similarly, necrotic cell populations increased from 2.700.20% to 3.630.31%.In the cell cycle analysis, the number of cells in the G1 phase decreased from 47.071.15% to 43.403.84%following treatment with the 28.4kDa protein.A decline was also observed in the G2-M (division) phase, from 21.830.55% to 18.771.01%,and in the S (synthesis) phase, from 15.870.49% to 13.800.17%,corresponding to reductions of 14.05% and 13.03%, respectively.Conversely, the Sub-G1 phase, associated with apoptosis, increased by 4.72%, rising from 3.530.21%to 3.700.60%.These findings provide quantitative evidence that the 28.4kDa protein from P. pentosaceus SR6 exhibits anticancer activity in MCF-7 cells through apoptosis and necrosis.Further research, including preclinical and clinical studies, is necessary before potential therapeutic application.