TumorTwin: a Python framework for patient-specific digital twins in oncology

BACKGROUND: Advances in the theory and methods of computational oncology have enabled accurate characterization and prediction of tumor growth and treatment response on a patient-specific basis. This capability can be integrated into a digital twin framework in which bi-directional data-flow between the physical tumor and the digital tumor facilitate dynamic model re-calibration, uncertainty quantification, and clinical decision-support via recommendation of optimal therapeutic interventions. However, many digital twin frameworks rely on bespoke implementations tailored to each disease site, modeling choice, and algorithmic implementation. FINDINGS: We present TumorTwin, a modular software framework for initializing, updating, and leveraging patient-specific cancer tumor digital twins. TumorTwin is publicly available as a Python package, with associated documentation, datasets, and tutorials. Novel contributions include the development of a patient-data structure adaptable to different disease sites, a modular architecture to enable the composition of different data, model, solver, and optimization objects, and CPU- or GPU-parallelized implementations of forward model solves and gradient computations. We demonstrate the functionality of TumorTwin via an in silico dataset of high-grade glioma growth and response to radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The TumorTwin framework enables rapid prototyping and testing of image-guided oncology digital twins. This allows researchers to systematically investigate different models, algorithms, disease sites, or treatment decisions while leveraging robust numerical and computational infrastructure.