Modeling parasitoid development: climate change impacts on <i>Telenomus remus</i> (<scp>Nixon</scp>) and <i>Trichogramma foersteri</i> (<scp>Takahashi</scp>) in southern <scp>Brazil</scp>

Telenomus remus and T. foersteri exhibit broad thermal tolerance; however, extreme temperatures, including those predicted under climate change scenarios, can restrict their development. This study offers valuable insights for laboratory rearing programs, mass production, and field release programs while enhancing the understanding of thermal interactions in Hymenopteran parasitoids. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.