The evolution of the institute of conciliation procedures in Russia: history and modernity

Background. The relevance of the historical and legal appeal to the phenomenon of "conciliation procedures in law" is due to the consistent constitutionalization of public life, the search for alternative ways to traditional justice to resolve disputes and conflicts, primarily in the field of private law, the nature of which "a priori" implies mutual concessions and compromises, negotiations, media-tion, and the preservation of business partnerships. In the context of such trends in the field of justice, the stated purpose of this article is to study the evolution of the institute of conciliation procedures both at the level of history and theory of law and the state, and within the framework of procedural and legal science, is scientifically and practically significant, allows us to identify prospects and problems that complicate the process of further introduction of conciliation procedures into the law enforcement practice of the modern Russian State. Materials and methods. Based on the method of historical and legal analysis, the article examines the process of formation and development of the institute of conciliation procedures, identifies their essence, common and distinctive features, and determines the prospects for use in modern conditions. The empirical material of the research conducted in the article consists of historical monuments of Russian law (from the Novgorod birch bark letters to the Charter of Civil Procedure dated November 20, 1864), Soviet and current Russian legislation regulating the implementation of conciliation procedures. Results. The trends in the development of judicial proceedings, expressed in the promotion of peaceful settlement of disputes in the administration of justice, are studied from a historical and legal point of view, the patterns of the formation of justice are determined not just as one of the forms of exercise of public power, but as areas of joint application of the efforts of the state in the person of judicial authorities and civil society, the advantages of using conciliation procedures in judicial activity, contributing to a more fair and effective resolution, first of all, of private law disputes. Conclusions. The idea is substantiated that the ability to resolve a legal conflict at the discretion of the disputing parties through conciliation procedures is one of the manifestations of the principles of self–government and freedom of civil society. And the evolution of the legal regulation of conciliation procedures in Russia confirms the revealed pattern, reflecting the expansion or narrowing of the limits of the dispositive principles of state legal policy.