Establishment of the classic scheme of separation of powers in the American federalizing state, 1776–1789

Background. The establishment of the classical scheme of separation of powers in the American state occurred in the period from 1776 to 1789. At this time, the foundations of American statehood were laid and a system of governing the country was formed. During this period, important documents were adopted, such as the US Declaration of Independence (1776) and the US Constitution (1787). They established the principles of a republican structure, a federal state and the separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches. The main purpose of the study is to consider the approval of the classical scheme of separation of powers in the American federalizing state of 1776–1789. Materials and methods. To reveal the scientific plot, historical materials are used, as well as a comparison method, which allows us to trace the approval of the classical scheme of separation of powers in the American federalizing state in the period 1776–1789. Results. The impulses contributing to the establishment of the classical scheme of separation of powers in the American state in the period 1776–1789 are analyzed. A number of specific circumstances are revealed that contributed to the optimization of public administration in America by balancing all links of the state mechanism. Conclusions. The process of approving the classical scheme of separation of powers was complex and lengthy. It was accompanied by conflicts between supporters of different models of government and ended with the adoption of the US Constitution. This document became the basis for the further devel-opment of American democracy and the formation of modern American society. The classic scheme of separation of powers became the basis for the formation of a system of checks and balances, which ensured balance between the various branches of government and prevented abuse of power. The legislative branch was represented by Congress, consisting of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Executive power belonged to the president, who was the head of state and government. Judicial power was exercised by the Supreme Court and lower courts.