Secular and religious humanism in the cultural picture of the world (revivalism, existentialism, transhumanism)

Background. The cultural picture of the world implies the analysis of a set of value attitudes, cultural norms and traditions that are formed in a certain period of time, in this or that culture. Materials and methods. The realization of research objectives was achieved on the basis of the analysis of philosophical texts that characterize the understanding of secular (atheistic) and religious hu-manism. The research methodology is based on the application of hermeneutic method (description and analysis of philosophical literature), comparative-historical (description of transformation processes in the development of humanistic tradition). Results. The analysis of philosophical and research literature on humanism and its forms allowed us to consider it as a concept of the emerging cultural picture of the world in the Italian Renaissance, twentieth and twenty-first centuries (on the examples of literary and philosophical works of the Renaissance, existentialism and transhumanism). The presented materials can be applied in the study of culturological phenomenon – cultural picture of the world, as well as in philosophy – in the study of humanistic theory and its current state. Conclusions. We believe that the ideas about man, set forth in the works of writers of the Italian Renaissance, existentialism and transhumanism will allow us to substantiate the specificity of the picture of the world and the peculiarities of the development of the substantive foundations of the humanistic tradition, its division into secular and religious forms. The ideas and values of religious and secular humanism allow us to clarify the complexity and contradiction of humanism as a phenomenon, the nature of its division into two forms in the history of mankind. The existence of religious and secular humanism emphasizes the need of an individual to find ontological grounds of human existence and to fill the meanings of his existence with proximity or remoteness from the Supreme Absolute. In the cultural picture of the world, this is expressed by the primacy of religious or secular concepts, which are transmitted by each person as evidence of his or her involvement in humanistic theory and practice.