A CBCT-Based Comparative Study of Alveolar Bone Parameters and Implant Outcomes Among Patients Suffering the Mandibular First and Second Molar Defects

The second-molar group presents less favorable anatomical conditions, such as reduced canal-crest distance and increased alveolar bone inclination, which may contribute to greater implant deviation when placed freehand. These findings suggest a need for enhanced preoperative planning and surgical precision in this region. However, as these observations are based on CBCT measurements and not direct intraoperative evidence, further studies are needed to validate these findings. Lower alveolar bone inclination may be a key factor in implant failure, highlighting the critical importance of preoperative planning and surgical precision in mandibular second molar implant procedures.