Böhler and Gissane angles: Approximation to normal values in the Colombian population

Introduction: Calcaneal fractures are a common tarsal injury, which remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Although tomography has optimized their evaluation, the measurement of Böhler and Gissane angles on conventional radiographs remains essential for initial diagnosis and follow-up. The normal values of these angles may vary according to the population, the present study is looking for reference values in the Colombian population. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in an imaging center in Barranquilla, Colombia. Lateral ankle radiographs of patients older than 18 years without bone alterations were analyzed. Böhler and Gissane angles were measured by two investigators independently on two different occasions. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated. Student's t-tests were applied to evaluate differences by sex, laterality and age group. Results: 240 radiographs of 189 patients were evaluated. The mean Böhler angle was 31.36° ± 6.03 and the mean Gissane angle was 117.23° ± 7.74. No statistically significant differences were observed according to sex, laterality or age group (p > 0.05). Discussion: The values obtained are similar to those reported in Latin American studies, although slightly lower than the classic ranges described in North American and European populations. These findings reinforce the importance of having local reference values for radiographic evaluation of the calcaneus. Conclusions: The Böhler and Gissane angles in the Colombian population present values comparable to those of other Latin American populations. It is suggested to use these values as a reference in local clinical practice for a more accurate diagnosis