Ultrasonic-Improved Bismuth Vanadate Precursor Preparation for Superior Tungsten Oxide/Bismuth Vanadate Photoanode Performance in Water Oxidation and Dye Degradation Processes

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) applications require developing efficient fabrication methods for high-performance photoanodes.This study employs an automated layerby-layer dip-coating technique to address the limitations of traditional manual dipcoating by using ultrasonic-assisted preparation of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) precursor solutions for fabricating WO3/BiVO4 photoanodes.The proposed technique demonstrated great scalability, repeatability, and more effective PEC performance.Ultrasonic treatment for 120 minutes significantly increased photocurrent density to 3 mA/cm under visible light, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy