Ginkgo Biloba extract: review and assessment of health benefits and potential side effects

Introduction Ginkgo biloba (L.) is used in pharmacotherapy as an extract rich in bioactive compounds, which is obtained from its leaves. The improvement of age-associated cognitive decline and quality of life in mild dementia is a well-established use of Ginkgo Biloba extract (GBE) medicines. In Europe, it is also used as complementary therapy for Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disorders. Its use also shows promising research outcomes for potential future indications, including in the treatment of tinnitus, age-related macular degeneration, and the prevention of high-altitude cerebral edema. Aim of the Study The aim of the study is to present recent findings on Ginkgo biloba extract medicines used in modern pharmacotherapy and its potential side effects, which should be considered during the treatment tailoring process. Materials and methods A thorough literature search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect for relevant articles. The search terms included "Ginkgo Biloba", "Ginkgo Biloba extract”, “GBE", " EGb 761". All retrieved studies were screened for relevance based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts. Conclusion Ginkgo biloba extract is commonly used in the management of neurodegenerative diseases in Europe. Moreover, the latest reports indicate that it also has promising effects in the treatment of several conditions of different origins. Pharmaceuticals containing GBE may interact with a variety of medications, in formulations with inadequate quality control or exceeding the recommended therapeutic dose. However, when appropriately integrated into a well-managed pharmacotherapy regimen, they have the potential to positively influence patient health outcomes, thereby enhancing overall therapeutic effects. Search Gingko biloba, Ginkgo biloba extract, GBE, EGb 761