Quantification of Bone in the Maxillomandibular Region, using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Background: Maxillary and mandibular bones are the primary bones of the face. Both the mandible and maxilla are subjected to the physiological and pathological changes. The success of dental implant largely depends on pre-operative preparation.Objective: This study aimed to find the quantity of bone using CBCT among genders with different age groups and to generate a novel classification system for the amount/quantity of bone in the maxillo-mandibular region. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 417 subjects (age limit 18-80 years/both genders) visiting the Radiology Department of Sardar Begum Dental College and Khyber College of Dentistry. CBCT was used to generate the new classification system for the quantity of bone in the maxillomandibular region. The frequency/percentages and Mean ± SD for the numerical data were calculated using descriptive statistics. The numerical variables were graded from very high value to very low recordable value. The chi-square test was used for all the categorical variables. The level of significance was (P value≤0.05) for six categories of decade age sub-groups, between both genders. Results: The mean age group was 48.95 with a standard deviation of 17.11 years. In the mandible, 69.78% of candidates had an abundant quantity of bone among which 33.34% (n=139) females and 36.78% (n=152) males showed sufficient dimensions. The inadequate and deficient dimensions were found in 8.63% (n=36) and 7.67% (n=32) females and 8.87% (n=37) and 5.03 % (n=21) males. In contrast, in the maxilla 63.07% (n=263) patients in which 31.18% (n=130) females and 31.89% (133) males, had deficient maxilla in all dimensions. Conclusion: The novel classification system showed, that the mandible was abundant and sufficient in quantity and marked as Division A/ B. In contrast, the posterior maxilla was found to be deficient and insufficient in quantity and marked as division C/D. The quantity of the maxillary and mandibular bones was more deficient in the females than in males. Keywords: Cortical bone, Density, Lingual undercut, Mandible, Maxilla, Quantity, Trabecula.