Local-Level Challenges in Sustainable Mobility: Survey Results from the Baltic Sea Region

Transportation is a substantial source of greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, achieving climate neutrality requires focusing on sustainable transportation. An assessment of the literature indicated that municipalities can successfully implement sustainable transportation legislation and encourage behavioural shifts toward lower-emission mobility options by tailoring solutions to their community’s specific needs. This study examines travel patterns, reasons for mobility, and transportation mode choices in four European countries – Latvia, Estonia, Poland, and Sweden – using survey data from 1 151 respondents in selected municipalities. Using survey data, this study seeks to evaluate public opinion on existing transportation policy measures, identify preferred policies, and highlight regional differences. Notably, Estonia and Latvia strongly preferred cycling, while private car use remained dominant in all regions, contributing to environmental concerns. The survey also investigated the elements that influence travel mode choices, and the most important ones were distance, journey time, comfort, convenience, and public transit availability. While support for sustainable transportation policies varies by country, the findings show a widespread desire for improved public transportation, pedestrian-friendly urban planning, and remote work options to reduce commuting. Municipalities must address issues such as housing and job disparities, as well as a lack of efficient public transportation in rural areas. These findings provide guidance for policymakers aiming to promote sustainable mobility and reduce transportation-related emissions, with an emphasis on measures that are tailored to regional contexts