EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON CARNIVORE DISTRIBUTION IN EL-JABAL EL-AKHDER, CYRENAICA, NORTH-EASTERN LIBYA

Carnivores are vital for maintaining ecological balance by controlling prey populations and supporting biodiversity. In Libya, species such as the African golden wolf (Canis anthus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) play key roles in sustaining local ecosystems. However, habitat loss, human encroachment, and declining prey availability pose significant threats to their persistence. Understanding the spatial distribution of these species and the factors influencing their presence is essential for effective conservation planning. This study, conducted in the Cyrenaica region of north-eastern Libya, aimed to explore the relationship between carnivore distribution and environmental factors such as vegetation cover and prey availability. Three random sampling areas Jeera, Zaza, and Taknes each measuring 6 x 12 km, were designated for the study. These areas were further divided into 72 sampling units of 1 km² each. We employed statistical logistic regression with a forward conditional model to assess the influence of habitat characteristics on carnivore distribution. Results revealed that C. anthus was positively associated with tree and shrub cover and rabbit abundance, favoring denser vegetation with ample prey. In contrast, V. vulpes showed a negative correlation with vegetation height and a positive association with rodent abundance, indicating a preference for open areas with low vegetation. H. hyaena occurrence was primarily linked to the availability of both rabbits and rodents, highlighting the crucial role of prey resources. These findings emphasize the need for conservation strategies that address habitat preservation and prey management to ensure the long-term survival of carnivores in Libya. Keywords: Carnivore ecology, Habitat selection, Prey availability, Conservation, Libya.