CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Precision Medicine: Current Trends and Recent Advancements

The CRISPR/Cas9 system, known for its tremendous efficacy and accessibility, has revolutionized fundamental scientific research as a programmable genome-editing tool. The utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 system-based technologies has equipped researchers with potent instruments to explore the impact of genetics on the advancement of diseases. By genetically correcting a specific mutation unique to each patient, this approach treats human illnesses that traditional methods cannot effectively treat. This article highlights the importance of genetic factors in determining susceptibility to diseases and the need for personalized treatment methods. The main purpose of this review is to discuss how CRISPR/Cas9 is used to treat monogenic disorders and investigate its wider impact on medical research. The review also explores the collaboration between guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease in making accurate modifications to DNA, shedding light on the molecular processes of CRISPR/Cas9. Emphasis is placed on technological strides such as refinements in Cas9 and novel delivery techniques, which boost the accuracy and effectiveness of gene editing while reducing off-target impacts. The review also covers the ethical, legal, and societal impacts of genome editing, especially with regard to changes in the genetic line, and the importance of strong regulatory structures. CRISPR/Cas9 is highly esteemed as a cutting-edge technology in the healthcare sector, mostly due to its ability to accurately pinpoint genetic defects and facilitate a substantial revolution in cancer treatment. This review emphasizes the importance of collaboration between scientists, ethicists, and policymakers to ensure the ethical implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in healthcare.