Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia
Compared to non-smokers, long-term cigarette and shisha smoking is associated with airway obstructive changes and increased inflammatory responses. Although e-cigarette users demonstrated lower inflammatory markers and less deviation from normal PFT, some exhibited borderline values with airway obstruction. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term health consequences of e-cigarette use.
Authors
- Mazen Homoud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0518-3440)
- Husam Alahmadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2613-0973)
- Abdulrahman Alkhathami
- Gokul Krishna
- Nadia Jamil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9663-6465)
- Ali S. Alqarni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-5911)
- Khalid S. Alwadeai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-3120)
- Saleh Alkhathami
- Rowaida Qoutah
- Khalil Ibrahim Assiri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0570-3376)
- Ayedh D. Alahmari
- Noran Mohammed Ali Harbli
- Maryam Alsughayyir
- Nada Gubari
- Omar Alqurashi
- Wafaa Abdulrahman
- Layan Fahad Saaty
- Afrah Obaidan
- Tala M Alkayyat
Institutions
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- King Saud University (SA)
- King Abdulaziz Medical City (SA)
- King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (SA)
- King Fahad Hospital Jeddah (SA)
- University of Business and Technology (SA)
- Batterjee Medical College
Publication Details
- Journal
- Tobacco Induced Diseases
- Published
- 2025-05-10
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/202350
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.33