Design and Fabrication of Electric Wheel Chair for Disabled People

This paper presents the design and fabrication of an electric-powered wheelchair aimed at improving mobility and independence for individuals with physical disabilities. The system features a motorized lifting mechanism to assist in vertical transitions, such as from a bed to a restroom, minimizing the need for caregiver assistance. A dynamic model based on nonlinear differential equations was developed to simulate motion and analyze system behavior under varied surface conditions. A modified Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is integrated to provide adaptive response based on user load and terrain. The system is implemented using a microcontroller-based platform, with real-time experimental results validating performance, stability, and user safety. The proposed design offers a practical and user-centric solution for addressing common limitations in existing wheelchair systems.