A Novel Power-Optimized Optical Modem for Reliable, Long-Distance Communication Using MIMO-GFDM in Underwater Communication and Beyond 5G Wireless Systems

MIMO-GFDM is proposed for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UWOC) to address challenges like multipath fading, Doppler effects, and bandwidth constraints. Unlike traditional techniques such as OFDM, FBMC, and SC-FDMA, MIMO-GFDM offers reduced OOB emissions, lower ISI, and improved spectral efficiency. By combining MIMO with GFDM, the system enhances SNR, boosts data rates, and minimizes interference. Pulse shaping filters further optimize PAPR, improving overall efficiency. Simulation results show MIMO-GFDM outperforms conventional methods in data rate, BER, and spectral efficiency, making it a strong candidate for next-generation UWOC systems.