Examining the Impact of CO2 Emissions, Fertilizer Consumption, HYV Seeds and Irrigation on Agricultural Productivity in India

This study explores the association between CO2 emissions, Fertilizer Consumption, HYV seeds, Irrigation, and Agricultural Productivity in India from 1990 to 2019. The ARDL framework is used to detect cointegration among variables, and the findings reveal that such relationships exist. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) is employed to estimate the empirical relationship across the variables, and the results show that HYV seeds and irrigation have a significant and positive effect, whereas CO2 emissions and fertilizer consumption have a negative effect on agricultural productivity. The study suggests that the sustainable and energy efficient agricultural practices need to be followed for improving environmental degradation.