Current diagnosis of pelvic venous diseases (literature review)

The literature review is devoted to the issues of diagnostics of pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs), including pelvic and vulvar varicose veins, pelvic venous insufficiency, compression stenosis of the left renal and iliac veins. The possibilities of clinical, ultrasound and X-ray methods of research are presented, diagnostic criteria of various types of PeVDs are considered, comparative characteristics of instrumental diagnostic tests in iden-tifying pelvic venous reflux, non-thrombotic stenosis of the left renal and iliac veins are presented. A critical analysis of literature data on the capabilities of duplex ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and direct contrast venography in determining the hemodynamic significance of compression stenosis of the renal and iliac veins was performed. Based on the available literature data, a conclusion was made on the necessity to continue scientific research on the diagnosis of PeVDs.