Analysis and utilization of lignocellulosic materials for the generation of solid biofuels from the Purépecha Plateau in the state of Michoacán, Mexico

• The evaluation of Pinus spp. wood residues from 12 forestry communities in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, highlights their significant energy potential and technical feasibility for the generation of solid biofuels (SB). These residues, particularly pine sawdust generated in the Meseta Purépecha region, have physical-chemical characteristics that position them as a sustainable and strategic bioenergy resource for local economic development. • The results of the research indicate that wood residues have an average energy potential of 2,504 TJ/year, with calorific value values of 17.89 MJ/kg, humidity of 11.76% and bulk density of 457 kg/m³. These attributes are optimal for conversion into SB, such as briquettes and pellets, with an average of 14.63% of the material suitable for briquettes and 84% for pellets. In addition, its low ash content (0.76%) and high percentage of volatile material (87.29%) contribute to efficient combustion. • The innovation of this study lies in its comprehensive approach, which combines detailed physical-chemical analyses with a commitment to minimizing environmental impacts and maximizing energy efficiency. It justifies each analysis carried out by demonstrating that Pinus spp. wood residues represent a viable alternative to replace fossil fuels, contributing to the transition towards cleaner energy sources. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of continuing to develop scientific research focused on the local use of resources, creating tangible benefits for society and strengthening environmental sustainability. This study evaluates the energy potential of Pinus spp. wood residues generated in twelve rural communities in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. These communities were selected due to their strong economic dependence on forestry and prior authorization from local authorities. The research was structured in five stages: (1) quantification of the volume of residues generated per community, (2) physical characterization of the collected material, (3) proximate analysis to assess suitability as a solid biofuel, (4) chemical composition analysis, and (5) a multicriteria analysis to evaluate the energy, economic, social, and environmental viability of the identified materials. Based on physical, proximate, and elemental characterization, the estimated total energy potential was 2,504 TJ/year, confirming the viability of these residues as an alternative bioenergy source. Results showed an average moisture content of 11.76 %, a calorific value of 17.89 MJ/kg, and a bulk density of 457 kg/m³. Particle size analysis indicated that 14.63 % of the material is suitable for briquette production and 84 % for pellet manufacturing. Composition analysis revealed 0.76 % ash content, 87.29 % volatile matter, and 11.93 % fixed carbon. Chemical analysis showed average contents of 53.61 % cellulose, 16.22 % hemicellulose, and 26.07 % lignin. Ash microanalysis identified high concentrations of calcium and potassium, key elements for efficient combustion. Elemental analysis revealed 46.80 % carbon, 6.76 % hydrogen, 46.31 % oxygen, 0.01 % nitrogen, and trace amounts of sulfur (<0.01 %), indicating a low environmental impact during combustion. This work is based on its community-based and territorial approach, integrating scientific criteria with the local context of forest resource use and management. In addition to quantifying energy potential, the study proposes a practical path for implementing sustainable energy alternatives in communities with limited access to traditional fuels and with incipient forest waste management. The results lay the groundwork for the development of community bioenergy projects aimed at strengthening energy security and economic resilience in forested regions of Mexico.