The effect of seeding rates, beans' position on a plant and mowing time on sowing and productive qualities of seeds of the pea variety ‘Pamyati Popova’

When introducing new pea varieties into production, it is necessary to improve agrotechnical cultivation methods to fully realize their productivity potential. The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of seeding rates, beans' position on a plant and mowing time on sowing and productive qualities of seeds of the pea variety ‘Pamyati Popova’. The trials were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe zone of Bashkortostan in 2022–2024. Weather conditions were contrasting through the years, 2023 and 2024 were characterized as dry (HTC = 0.52 and HTC = 0.71, respectively), 2022 was favorable in terms of moisture supply and temperature conditions (HTC = 1.30). The estimation, records and measurements were carried out in accordance with the Мethodology of State Variety Testing of agricultural crops. As a result of studying the sowing and productive qualities of seeds of the pea variety ‘Pamyati Popova’, formed in beans of different tiers, there was found that 1000-seed weight and specific seed weight from beans of the middle and lower tiers were of larger values that those of seeds from beans of the upper tier (p≤0.05). The plants from the seeds of lower and middle tier beans, the total and seed productivity were 8.4–12.5 % and 8.2–14.4 % larger, respectively, than in plants grown from the seeds of upper tier beans. The greatest productivity increase (0.18 t/ha) was obtained with a seeding rate of 1.2 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. When studying the effect of mowing dates on the sowing and productive qualities of seeds, there was shown that the best grain yield in terms of size and uniformity could be obtained when harvesting peas in the ripening phase of 60–70 % beans of complete ripeness.