Pfaffian Structure of the Eigenvector Overlap for the Symplectic Ginibre Ensemble

Abstract We study the integrable structure and scaling limits of the conditioned eigenvector overlap of the symplectic Ginibre ensemble of Gaussian non-Hermitian random matrices with independent quaternion elements. The average of the overlap matrix elements constructed from left and right eigenvectors, conditioned to x , are derived in terms of a Pfaffian determinant. Regarded as a two-dimensional Coulomb gas with the Neumann boundary condition along the real axis, it contains a kernel of skew-orthogonal polynomials with respect to the weight function $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)=|z-\overline{x}|^2(1+|z-x|^2)e^{-2|z|^2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , so including a non-trivial insertion of a point charge. The mean off-diagonal overlap is related to the diagonal (self-)overlap by a transposition, in analogy to the complex Ginibre ensemble. For x conditioned to the real line, extending previous results at $$x=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we determine the skew-orthogonal polynomials and their skew-kernel with respect to $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . This is done in two steps and involves a Christoffel perturbation of the weight $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)=|z-\overline{x}|^2\omega ^\mathrm{(pre)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>pre</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , by computing first the corresponding quantities for the unperturbed weight $$\omega ^\mathrm{(pre)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>pre</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Its kernel is shown to satisfy a differential equation at finite matrix size N . This allows us to take different large- N limits, where we distinguish bulk and edge regime along the real axis. The limiting mean diagonal overlaps and corresponding eigenvalue correlation functions of the point processes with respect to $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are determined. We also examine the effect on the planar orthogonal polynomials when changing the variance in $$\omega ^\mathrm{(pre)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>pre</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>

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Annales Henri Poincaré
Published
2025-05-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-025-01575-x
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3
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Random Matrices and Applications
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
7.89

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article

Pfaffian Structure of the Eigenvector Overlap for the Symplectic Ginibre Ensemble

Sung‐Soo Byun, Gernot Akemann, Kohei Noda
3 citations
Annales Henri Poincaré
Random Matrices and Applications
7.89
article

Pfaffian Structure of the Eigenvector Overlap for the Symplectic Ginibre Ensemble

Sung‐Soo Byun, Gernot Akemann, Kohei Noda
article en
3 citations

Abstract

Abstract We study the integrable structure and scaling limits of the conditioned eigenvector overlap of the symplectic Ginibre ensemble of Gaussian non-Hermitian random matrices with independent quaternion elements. The average of the overlap matrix elements constructed from left and right eigenvectors, conditioned to x , are derived in terms of a Pfaffian determinant. Regarded as a two-dimensional Coulomb gas with the Neumann boundary condition along the real axis, it contains a kernel of skew-orthogonal polynomials with respect to the weight function $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)=|z-\overline{x}|^2(1+|z-x|^2)e^{-2|z|^2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , so including a non-trivial insertion of a point charge. The mean off-diagonal overlap is related to the diagonal (self-)overlap by a transposition, in analogy to the complex Ginibre ensemble. For x conditioned to the real line, extending previous results at $$x=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we determine the skew-orthogonal polynomials and their skew-kernel with respect to $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . This is done in two steps and involves a Christoffel perturbation of the weight $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)=|z-\overline{x}|^2\omega ^\mathrm{(pre)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>pre</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , by computing first the corresponding quantities for the unperturbed weight $$\omega ^\mathrm{(pre)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>pre</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Its kernel is shown to satisfy a differential equation at finite matrix size N . This allows us to take different large- N limits, where we distinguish bulk and edge regime along the real axis. The limiting mean diagonal overlaps and corresponding eigenvalue correlation functions of the point processes with respect to $$\omega ^\mathrm{(over)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>over</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are determined. We also examine the effect on the planar orthogonal polynomials when changing the variance in $$\omega ^\mathrm{(pre)}(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>pre</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>

Annales Henri Poincaré
Seoul National University (KR), Bielefeld University (DE), Hochschule Bielefeld (DE), University of Bristol (GB), UCLouvain (BE)
POSCO TJ Park Foundation, Leverhulme Trust, University of Bristol, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Seoul National University, National Research Foundation of Korea, Universität Bielefeld, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Random Matrices and Applications
7.89
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