Anti-bacterial activity and anti-cancer agent studies of punica granatum peel-doped silver/calcium oxide nancomposites derived from camel bone

The main objective of this research is to synthesize active nanoparticles Ag/CaO (NPs) with a cost-effective, eco-friendly, quick, simple and sustainable process for turning leftover camel bone into a renewable resource for useful applications. The reduction factor has been prepared from a plant extract of Punica granatum peel and calcium oxide (CaO) which was made by calcination of dried camel bone at 800 °C and contains a high level of calcium (Ca) 31.3%, then mixed with Ag metal by using the sol-gel technique. A number of methods were used: XRD, BET, X-ray spectroscopy, UV, IR, and FESEM to investigate the optical, morphological, and structural characteristics of Ag/CaO NPs. The results showed that Punica granatum peel extract was a very affordable, non-toxic, and easily accessible capping agent. The MTT assay was also used to evaluate cytotoxicity in the bio-reducing synthesis process. Furthermore, the biological activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against bacteria as well as fungal strains. Nanoparticles exhibited strong activity against S. aureus and E.coli, with an inhibition zone of 7.0 ±0.2 - 8.0 ±0.2 mm respectively, with moderate activity against C. albicans 5.0±0.1mm.Also the cytotoxic potential of synthesized nanoparticles against colon cancer and DU-145, PC-3 cell lines. It could be noticed that Cao/Ag nanoparticles had the highest anticancer action versus A549 with IC50 = 124.16±1.93 µg/ml at concentration > 500 μg/mL. The Ag/CaO nanocomposite has shown efficacy as a catalyst in the reduction of dyes such as 2- Nitrophenol > 95%. It is hence efficient for environmental applications.