Optimization of mineral nutrition of new spring durum wheat varieties in the Omsk Irtysh region

The primary task of farmers is to obtain large productivity of good quality, which can be provided by promising varieties of agricultural crops and adaptive agricultural technologies. The current paper has presented the study on the varietal specificity of mineral nutrition of new durum wheat varieties conducted in 2021–2023. The aim of the study is to optimize mineral nutrition of new varieties of durum wheat, ensuring an increase in yield and grain quality. To achieve this goal, there was laid down a two-factor field trial (3x5). Factor A presents durum wheat varieties. Factor B presents options for the use of mineral fertilizers. The durum wheat varieties developed by the Omsk ARC are middle-ripening varieties with an increased gluten percentage in grain. There has been established that according to productivity on an unfertilized background, the varieties ‘Omsky Malakhit’and ‘OmskyTopaz’ were inferior to the standard variety ‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’ by 0.44; 0.27 t/ha of grain. Fertilizing resulted in a mean prodiuctivity increase of 0.55 t/ha by the variety ‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’, while the increase by the new varieties was two times lower (0.26; 0.27 t/ha). The highest protein percentage in grain was identified in the variety ‘Omsky Malakhit’, with 16.4 %, without any significant dependence on fertilizer application options. In terms of gluten, the new varieties exceeded the standard by 2.3–3.6 times, on average, the variety ‘Omsky Topaz’ had a gluten index of 72 % and ‘Omsky Malachite’ had 54 %. Due to the main application of mineral fertilizers (N30P45), gluten percentage in grain increased by 6.1–8.1 % abs. units. To implement the varietal characteristics of mineral nutrition in adaptive agricultural technologies, the paper has presented agrochemical standard parameters for the consumption of the main elements of mineral nutrition to produce one ton of grain with the corresponding amount of by-products, the coefficients of use of elements from the soil and fertilizers.