The emergence of oropouche fever: A potential new threat?

Oropouche fever, caused by the <i>Oropouche virus</i> (OROV), has become a significant public health concern. Recent outbreaks highlight its increasing global spread, driven by environmental, social, and ecological factors. The disease presents clinical similarities to other arboviral infections, making accurate diagnosis essential for effective management and prevention. This article examines the epidemiological patterns of Oropouche fever, including its geographic distribution and outbreak drivers. It explores the clinical manifestations of the disease, focusing on common symptoms, complications such as fatal cases and fetal abnormalities, and the necessity of differential diagnosis. The pathophysiology of OROV infection is analyzed, detailing viral entry mechanisms, immune responses, and the role of vectors in transmission. Additionally, we assess diagnostic challenges, comparing serological and molecular methods while identifying their limitations. Therapeutic strategies are also reviewed, including symptomatic treatments and potential antiviral candidates. Findings indicate that OROV infections mimic other arboviral diseases, complicating clinical diagnosis. Current diagnostic tools have limitations in accuracy and accessibility, particularly in resource-limited settings. Symptomatic treatment remains the primary approach, as no specific antiviral therapies or vaccines exist. The study identifies gaps in diagnostic development, vaccine research, and public health surveillance. Oropouche fever threatens global health, necessitating improved surveillance, diagnostic tools, and targeted research efforts. Enhancing epidemiological studies and developing effective vaccines will mitigate its impact. Strengthening public health strategies can help control the spread of OROV and reduce its burden on affected populations.

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Publication Details

Journal
New Microbes and New Infections
Published
2025-05-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101596
Citations
12
Primary Topic
Viral Infections and Vectors
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
16.75
Controls
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article

The emergence of oropouche fever: A potential new threat?

Lysien I. Zambrano, Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves, Sachin Kumar, Dheeraj Sharma et al.
12 citations
New Microbes and New Infections
Viral Infections and Vectors
16.75
article

The emergence of oropouche fever: A potential new threat?

Lysien I. Zambrano, Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves, Sachin Kumar, Dheeraj Sharma, Camila Luna, Javedh Shareef, Alfonso Javier Rodriguez-Morales, D. Katterine Bonilla‐Aldana, Shriyansh Srivastava, Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami, Vasso Apostolopoulos, Md. Majibul Haque Babu, Vini Mehta, Ranjit Sah, Jack Feehan, GSN Koteswara Rao, Tarun Wadhwa, Deepika Sharma, Rachana Mehta, Aroop Mohanty, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Sanjit Sah, Pasesa Quispe
article en
12 citations

Abstract

Oropouche fever, caused by the <i>Oropouche virus</i> (OROV), has become a significant public health concern. Recent outbreaks highlight its increasing global spread, driven by environmental, social, and ecological factors. The disease presents clinical similarities to other arboviral infections, making accurate diagnosis essential for effective management and prevention. This article examines the epidemiological patterns of Oropouche fever, including its geographic distribution and outbreak drivers. It explores the clinical manifestations of the disease, focusing on common symptoms, complications such as fatal cases and fetal abnormalities, and the necessity of differential diagnosis. The pathophysiology of OROV infection is analyzed, detailing viral entry mechanisms, immune responses, and the role of vectors in transmission. Additionally, we assess diagnostic challenges, comparing serological and molecular methods while identifying their limitations. Therapeutic strategies are also reviewed, including symptomatic treatments and potential antiviral candidates. Findings indicate that OROV infections mimic other arboviral diseases, complicating clinical diagnosis. Current diagnostic tools have limitations in accuracy and accessibility, particularly in resource-limited settings. Symptomatic treatment remains the primary approach, as no specific antiviral therapies or vaccines exist. The study identifies gaps in diagnostic development, vaccine research, and public health surveillance. Oropouche fever threatens global health, necessitating improved surveillance, diagnostic tools, and targeted research efforts. Enhancing epidemiological studies and developing effective vaccines will mitigate its impact. Strengthening public health strategies can help control the spread of OROV and reduce its burden on affected populations.

New Microbes and New InfectionsVol. 65
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur (IN), Galgotias University (IN), National Autonomous University of Honduras (HN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR), Korea University (KR), Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (IN), Universidad Científica del Sur (PE), Korea University Medical Center (KR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (IN), Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (IN), Departamento de Epidemiología (GT), Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (IN), All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal (IN), Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (BR), NLR Nepal (NP), Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (CO), Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas (CO), Korea University (JP), Dr D Y Patil Dental College & Hospital (IN), Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (IN), Universidade Federal do Pará (BR), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN), RMIT University (AU), Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University (AE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Viral Infections and Vectors
16.75
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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