Nanotechnology and Biotechnology Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: Promises and Challenges

The escalating threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens necessitates innovative strategies that transcend conventional antibiotic paradigms. This review explores the transformative potential of integrating nanotechnology and biotechnology to address this global health crisis. By leveraging the unique properties of nanoparticles for precise drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, and diagnostic innovation, alongside advancements in CRISPR-Cas systems and phage therapy, a multidimensional approach to combating MDR pathogens emerges. However, realizing these breakthroughs requires overcoming challenges related to toxicity, regulatory frameworks, and scalability. This synthesis highlights the pivotal role of nanobiotechnology in reshaping the treatment landscape for infectious diseases, offering a glimpse into a future of precision medicine and sustainable healthcare solutions.