Development and application of an electrochemical probe for localized corrosion measurements on cultural heritage artifacts

Abstract Non-invasive characterization of electrochemical properties is crucial for the preservation of cultural artifacts as it allows detailed analysis while avoiding mechanical damage. This study presents a portable electrochemical probe developed for localized corrosion measurements on metal surfaces, ensuring non-invasive interaction through a suspended drop of electrolyte solution. The probe was validated on reference samples and applied to bronze statues from San Casciano dei Bagni, Italy. The results show agreement with data from conventional three-electrode cells and confirm the effectiveness of the probe in detecting active corrosion sites. Furthermore, the application of the probe before and after a conservation treatment showed differences in the response of the different corrosion products. This work underlines the potential of the probe for in situ electrochemical assessments and provides conservators with a practical tool to evaluate and guide conservation measures.