Retraction notice to “Forecasting Solar Energy generation in the Mediterranean Region up to 2030-2050 Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)” [Cleaner Energy Systems 10 (2025) 100167]

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal ). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Post publication the editor found that several citations were added to this paper which are not relevant to the topic of the paper. In addition, it was found that the data utilized in the study were poorly presented, referenced, and described, making it difficult for readers to fully understand and evaluate the findings. The method section was also found to be insufficiently clear, lacking the necessary detail required for replication or validation of the results. An Expression of Concern was appended to the paper whilst the authors were given a chance to write a revised version of their original article. Despite substantial efforts by the authors, there remain significant unresolved issues that compromise the integrity and reproducibility of the study. Subsequent evaluation of the revised paper has concluded that it does not advance understanding of the topic. The changes needed were judged to exceed the threshold that could be corrected via a Corrigendum and therefore necessitated retraction. This retraction supersedes the Expression of Concern. The paper will be resubmitted, and additional measures will be implemented to ensure that the methodologies described, and the source of the data are clearer. References will also be aligned with the context of the article. Once the resubmitted paper undergoes review and, if accepted for publication, a link to the new article will be provided here for reference.