A Miniaturized Horizontally Oriented MIMO Antenna for 5G and Wireless Communication Systems

The paper introduces a novel compact MIMO antenna specifically engineered for emerging 5G and satellite communication applications.The antenna operates efficiently at 3.5 GHz and 15.6 GHz.Its primary advantage lies in its dual-band capability, achieved through a uniquely designed antenna geometry that enhances inter-element isolation and reduces return loss, all within a highly compact form factor.The proposed antenna features a miniaturized structure with dimensions of 26 10 1.6 mm (0.3 0.12 0.02), where denotes the wavelength at 3.5 GHz-marking a significant improvement over conventional models.The substrate, precisely optimized using CST simulation tools, possesses a low loss tangent of 0.025 and a relative permittivity of 4.3.A prototype of the antenna was fabricated and exhibits omnidirectional radiation characteristics, with peak gain values of -2.6 dBi and 3.04 dBi.Key MIMO performance metrics-including the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), and Diversity Gain (DG)-were evaluated through comprehensive simulations and experimental measurements.A comparative analysis with existing designs highlights the proposed antenna's superior performance and reliability.