Detecting sources of anger in automated driving: driving-related and external factor

These results suggest that the combination of anger-inducing events, rather than the specific source, is more likely to provoke a heightened state of anger. Consequently, future research should employ combined induction methods to effectively elicit anger in experimental settings. Moreover, anger detection systems should focus on the overall interplay of contributing factors rather than distinguishing between individual sources, as it is this cumulative dynamic that more effectively triggers significant anger responses.