Metabolic power, volatile compounds, and flavor marker formation mechanisms of three fungi isolated from Fengxiangxing Daqu

<i>Aspergillus chevalieri</i>, <i>Saccharomycopsis fibuligera</i>, and <i>Thermoascus aurantiacus</i> were the three most abundant fungi, with relative abundances of 5.702, 31.686, and 62.256%, respectively. <i>Aspergillus chevalieri</i> and <i>Saccharomycopsis fibuligera</i> were associated with volatile markers of chained terpene alcohols and lactones, with linalool and γ-nonanolactone identified as their flavor markers, respectively. <i>Thermoascus aurantiacus</i> produced the highest variety and content of pyrazine. According to the functional annotation and metabolic relationship of the whole genomes of <i>Aspergillus chevalieri</i> and <i>Saccharomycopsis fibuligera</i> in COG, KEGG and other databases, the formation mechanism and possible metabolic pathways of linalool and γ-nonanolactone were elucidated. The results of the study revealed the different contributions of the three dominant fungi to the volatile compounds of Daqu, can provide ideas for the study of the contribution of other microorganisms to the volatile compounds of Daqu and the mechanism. It can provide a basis for the precise adjustment of the flavor of Daqu, and then the precise modification of the flavor of Baijiu.