Key Bottlenecks and Breakthrough Strategies in Modern Durian Breeding: From Hybridization to Precision Genomic Selection

The breeding of durian ( Durio zibethinus  L.) faces many challenges, including limited genetic diversity and sensitivity to environmental changes. This study summarized the key bottlenecks encountered in durian breeding, and discussed the breakthrough strategies to improve the efficiency of durian breeding. In recent years, the development of genome selection, marker-assisted breeding and CRISPR gene editing technology has provided new opportunities to accelerate durian breeding. Agronomic management strategies to optimize durian production, such as soil nutrient regulation, water-saving irrigation techniques and integrated pest control, were also explored. The successful practice of genomic tools in durian breeding was illustrated through case studies in Thailand and Malaysia. In the future, we need to further promote precision breeding technology, improve regulatory policies, strengthen international cooperation, and further promote the sustainable development of the durian industry.