Characteristic Improvement of Reduced Graphene Oxide From Battery Waste Synthesized Using Modified Hummer’s Method

In this study, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using the modified Hummers method from battery waste materials has been successfully carried out. The results obtained were compared with the conventional Hummers method. XRD analysis showed that the characteristic peaks of graphene oxide (GO) were reduced to rGO using both the conventional and modified Hummers methods. The results of the UV‐vis analysis also revealed that the absorption peak of the rGO sample showed a shift toward a longer wavelength, located between 200 and 270 nm, compared to GO. The FTIR results showed that the intensity of all oxygen‐containing functional groups was reduced in rGO (the presence of several spectral peaks and functional groups after reduction), thus confirming the successful reduction of GO using both the modified and conventional Hummers methods. The Raman spectroscopy results showed that the defects in rGO using the modified Hummers method were smaller than those in rGO using the conventional Hummers method. This can be seen from the results of the D‐band and G‐band intensity ratios ( I D / I G ), which were 1.108 and 1.292 in rGO using the modified and conventional Hummers methods, respectively. SEM analysis shows morphological changes indicating changes in graphite to GO and then to rGO. The EDX results obtained are also reinforced by the increase in carbon elements (84.21% = conventional rGO and 82.80% = modified rGO) and a decrease in oxygen elements in all methods for rGO. These findings suggest that the modified Hummers method, which utilizes environmentally friendly chemicals instead of hazardous ones (convention Hummers method), is a viable approach for converting battery waste into rGO applications. Additionally, the oxygen content produced by the modified Hummers method is higher than that of the conventional Hummers method.