THE ANTIOSTEOPOROTIC POTENTIAL OF HESPERIDIN AND ADVANCED DELIVERY SYSTEMS

This study explores Hesperidin (HP) and its bone-protective effect against Osteoporosis (OP), summarizing its healing mechanisms supported by in vitro and in vivo evidence and insights into its ethnobotanical significance and advanced drug delivery systems. To gather information on the antiosteoporotic potential of HP, we thoroughly searched many scientific databases, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, for articles published between 1990 and 2025. Data were collected using the keywords HP, traditional uses, phytochemistry, anti-OP, and drug delivery systems. Only studies published in English are considered for this review. It has gained attention for potential health benefits, especially the osteoprotective effect. In vitro studies found that HP reverses dexamethasone-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation by suppressing the p53 (Protein 53) pathway. In rat models of Postmenopausal (PM), senile, and disuse OP, HP showed bone-protective benefits. Clinical trials revealed a 15% increase in serum calcium and a 25% increase in osteocalcin levels, indicating enhanced bone formation. Comparative analysis showed that HP's efficacy in increasing bone mineral density is similar to that of bisphosphonates. The findings demonstrate that HP is an excellent therapeutic candidate that protects the skeleton through various mechanisms. Future research should focus on developing HP-based nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals, integrating traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological approaches to enhance bone health. Despite its potential, the efficacy of HP formulations in treating OP has not yet been investigated.