Inequality of Childhood Underweight in Bangladesh: A Decomposition Analysis

ABSTRACT This study investigates nationwide trends in the prevalence of childhood underweight, examining inequalities and associated factors using data from the latest five rounds of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Despite a decline in childhood underweight rates over time, significant socioeconomic disparities persist, underscoring the need for targeted interventions aimed at low‐income households. By employing concentration indices and decomposition analysis, we identify household wealth status and maternal education as pivotal determinants. In addition, nutrition‐specific interventions, such as micronutrient supplementation and improving food and nutrient intake during pregnancy, could play a crucial role in addressing childhood underweight, particularly among low‐income households. Expanding employment opportunities, enhancing water and sanitation facilities, and implementing nutritional awareness programs could also serve as effective strategies on a broader scale.