Casson ternary nanofluid model for a transient flow in a permeable rotating channel with variable thermal conductivity

This study explores an unsteady, three-dimensional squeezing flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid in a permeable rotating channel under the effect of suction and variable thermal conductivity, which has applications in drug delivery systems. This investigation contains two cases of hybrid ternary nanofluids, namely Case 1 A l 2 O 3 (Aluminum Oxide), T i O 2 (Titanium Dioxide), and S i O 2 (Silicon Dioxide), while Case 2 involves F e 3 O 4 (Iron Oxide), Ag (Silver), and ZnO (Zinc Oxide). Nanoparticles with blood as the base fluid are generated for the delivery of targeted drugs such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. The governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations and solved numerically using the shooting technique. The significant characteristics under discussion consist of the squeezing parameter, rotational parameter, porosity parameter, variable thermal conductivity, and thermal radiation. The results for axial component velocity f ′ ( η ) , transverse component velocity g ( η ) , and temperature profiles θ ( η ) are represented graphically. Based on the analysis, it is observed that enhancement of velocity, temperature, and heat transfer happens for case 2 than in case 1 set of ternary hybrid nanofluids. This outcome shows that a significant boost in fluid velocity takes place as the parameters, rotational parameter and porosity parameter, are raised. Furthermore, elevating the values of variable thermal conductivity and thermal radiation upgrades the rate of thermal energy flow. In addition, the attained results are compared with the existing studies for validation. This research also implements sensitivity analysis to identify the prime thermal transfer parameters using response surface methodology. This augmentation in heat distribution and flow velocity increases the chance of enlarged localization and more symmetrical drug delivery. • This study scrutinizes the Casson fluid flow behavior in a rotating channel subjected to variable thermal conductivity and porosity. • The effect of variable thermal conductivity ( ϵ ) helps to locate and ascertain the medications which preserves nearby organs. • The porosity parameter λ ensures the uniform distribution of nanoparticle for efficient and accurate drug administration. • A ternary hybrid nanofluid ( F e 3 O 4 + A g + Z n O ) guarantees stability and efficacy in intricate flow environments suitable for temperature-sensitive drug delivery applications.