Assessing the joint effects of education, economic status, empowerment, and employment (4Es) disparities on the co-coverage of maternal, newborn and child health care services in sub-Saharan Africa: an application of the intersectionality approach

This is the first study to explore how the 4Es jointly affect MNCH co-coverage in SSA. The results reveal that these 4Es are connected and affect MNCH co-coverage, particularly in key services, including skilled birth attendance, antenatal care, and access to improved water sources. The most privileged groups had significant protective effects, whereas those with fewer societal privileges showed minor effects. Learning from countries with low disparities in service co-coverage can help reduce the gaps in other countries.