Research Progress on Substrate Improvement in the Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Mining Areas

矿山废弃地生态修复问题是国民经济可持续发展过程中亟待解决的任务。本文重点分析了矿山废弃地生态修复过程中基质改良，包括表土覆盖、物理/化学改良、生物改良和固体废弃物人工基质改良技术，并比较了其优缺点和适用范围，并对今后矿山废弃地生态修复过程中基质改良发展趋势进行了展望，以期为后续工矿废弃地基质改良工作开展提供依据。The ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas is a critical issue that must be addressed for the sustainable development of the national economy. This paper focuses on the substrate improvement techniques used in the ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas, including topsoil covering, physical/chemical improvement, biological improvement, and artificial substrate improvement using solid waste. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of these methods are compared. Furthermore, future trends in substrate improvement for ecological restoration in mining wastelands are discussed to provide a reference for future substrate improvement efforts in abandoned industrial and mining lands.