Research Progress on Surgical Treatment of Low Rectal Cancer

低位直肠癌因其解剖位置的特殊性和复杂性，在手术根治性切除、保肛及功能保留等方面面临诸多挑战。近年来随着微创技术的进步以及快速康复外科理念的普及，低位直肠癌的外科治疗取得飞跃性的进展。本文对于低位直肠癌外科治疗的现状进行总结，重点介绍了经肛门内镜显微手术(TEM)、经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES)、精准功能保肛术以及机器人辅助直肠癌根治术等新一代低位直肠癌外科治疗技术，探讨其在提高手术根治性、保留器官功能和改善患者生活质量方面的优势与挑战。Due to its anatomical location and complexity, low rectal cancer presents numerous challenges in radical surgical resection, sphincter preservation, and functional retention. In recent years, with the advancement of minimally invasive techniques and the popularization of rapid rehabilitation surgery concepts, there has been a significant leap in the surgical treatment of low rectal cancer. This article summarizes the current status of surgical treatment for low rectal cancer, with a focus on introducing a new generation of surgical techniques for low rectal cancer, including transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), natural orifice transluminal endoscopy (NOSES), precise sphincter-preserving surgery, and robot-assisted radical resection of rectal cancer. It explores the advantages and challenges of these new techniques in improving surgical radicality, preserving organ function, and enhancing patient quality of life.